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A data envelopment analysis of agricultural technical efficiency of Northwest Arid Areas in China

Yubao WANG, Lijie SHI, Haojie ZHANG, Shikun SUN

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第4卷第2期页码 195-207 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017153

摘要： Severe resource shortage and waste of resource in agricultural production make it necessary to assess efficiency to increase productivity with high efficiency and ensure sustainable agricultural development. This paper adopted an input-oriented data envelopment analysis (DEA) method with the assumption of variable returns to scale to evaluate agricultural production efficiency of 100 major irrigation districts in Northwest China in 2010. Major findings of this paper were as follows: firstly, the average value of total technical efficiency, pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency of those irrigation districts in Northwest China were 0.770, 0.825 and 0.931, respectively; secondly, 30% of irrigation districts were technically efficient, while 42% and 32% of them showed pure technical and scale efficiency respectively. Among inefficient decision-making units, total technical efficiency score varied from 0.313 to 0.966, showing significant geographical differences, but geographical differences of pure technical efficiency was more consistent with that of total technical efficiency; thirdly, input redundancy was evident. Inputs of agricultural population, irrigation area, green water, blue water, consumption of fertilizer and agricultural machinery could be reduced by 34.88%, 40.19%, 43.85%, 47.10%, 41.53% and 42.21% respectively without reducing agricultural outputs. Furthermore, irrigation area, green water and blue water had relatively high slack movement though Northwest China which is short of water resources. Based on these results, this paper drew the following conclusions: First, there is huge potential for Northwest China to improve its agricultural production efficiency, and agro-technology not input scale had greater influence on improvement. Second, farmers needed proper guidance in order to reduce agricultural inputs and it is time to centralize agricultural management for overall agricultural inputs regulation and control.

关键词： agricultural production efficiency DEA model input redundancy irrigation districts Northwest Arid Areas in China

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PROGRESS ON IMPROVING AGRICULTURAL NITROGEN USE EFFICIENCY: UK-CHINA VIRTUAL JOINT CENTERS ON NITROGEN

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第9卷第3期页码 475-489 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2022459

摘要：

● Virtual joint centers on N agronomy were established between UK and China.

关键词： CINAg N-CIRCLE nitrogen use efficiency reactive nitrogen sustainable production

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The effect of different agricultural management practices on irrigation efficiency, water use efficiency

La ZHUO, Arjen Y. HOEKSTRA

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第4卷第2期页码 185-194 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017149

摘要： This paper explores the effect of varying agricultural management practices on different water efficiency indicators: irrigation efficiency (IE), crop water use efficiency (WUE), and green and blue water footprint (WF). We take winter wheat in an experimental field in Northern China as a case study and consider a dry, average and wet year. We conducted 24 modeling experiments with the AquaCrop model, for all possible combinations of four irrigation techniques, two irrigation strategies and three mulching methods. Results show that deficit irrigation most effectively improved blue water use, by increasing IE (by 5%) and reducing blue WF (by 38%), however with an average 9% yield reduction. Organic or synthetic mulching practices improved WUE (by 4% and 10%, respectively) and reduced blue WF (by 8% and 17%, respectively), with the same yield level. Drip and subsurface drip irrigation improved IE and WUE, but drip irrigation had a relatively large blue WF. Improvements in one water efficiency indicator may cause a decline in another. In particular, WUE can be improved by more irrigation at the cost of the blue WF. Furthermore, increasing IE, for instance by installing drip irrigation, does not necessarily reduce the blue WF.

关键词： field management irrigation efficiency water footprint water productivity water use efficiency

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我国农业生产的发展方向：从机械化到智慧化

罗锡文,廖娟,臧英,区颖刚,汪沛

《中国工程科学》 2022年第24卷第1期页码 46-54 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.01.005

摘要：

“谁来种地，怎样种地”是中国和全世界农业生产面临的共同问题。改革开放以来，我国农业生产的机械化水平已显著提高；而农业生产智慧化是今后社会发展的必然趋势，将以智能装备为基础，以数据和知识为核心要素，使现代科学技术与农业深度融合，实现农业生产全过程的数字化感知、智能化决策、精准化作业和智慧化管理，进一步大幅提高劳动生产率、土地产出率和资源利用率。本文以水稻生产为例介绍了我国农业生产的发展现状，分析了我国农业生产向智慧化生产转变的必要性，总结了我国农业生产向智慧化发展面临的机遇与挑战，据此提出了我国农业生产的发展方向和发展路线。为促进我国农业生产方式从机械化向智慧化转变，本文提出了加强农机装备研发和创新体系建设、加强农机推广体系建设、加强农机社会化服务体系建设、加快智慧农业示范区建设等对策建议。

关键词：农业生产水稻生产农业机械化信息技术智能农机农业生产智慧化

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INTEGRATING CROP AND LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION SYSTEMS—TOWARDS AGRICULTURAL GREEN DEVELOPMENT

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第8卷第1期

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INTEGRATING CROP AND LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION SYSTEMS—TOWARDS AGRICULTURAL GREEN DEVELOPMENT

Yong HOU, Oene OENEMA, Fusuo ZHANG

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第8卷第1期页码 1-14 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2021384

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SUSTAINABLE NITROGEN MANAGEMENT FOR VEGETABLE PRODUCTION IN CHINA

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第9卷第3期页码 373-385 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2022455

摘要：

● Sustainable nitrogen management strategies for Chinese vegetable production are summarized.

关键词： enhanced-efficiency nitrogen fertilizer integrated knowledge and products strategy nitrogen rate reactive nitrogen loss vegetable yield

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Phosphorus supply and management in vegetable production systems in China

Rui WANG, Weiming SHI, Yilin LI

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第6卷第4期页码 348-356 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019277

摘要：

Vegetable production systems involve high rates of chemical and organic fertilizer applications, leading to significant P accumulation in vegetable soils, as well as a decrease in P use efficiency (PUE), which is one of the key limiting factors in vegetable production. This review introduces the vegetable production systems in China and their fertilization status, and analyzes probable causes of overfertilization of vegetable fields. Poorly developed root systems and high P demand have led to the need to maintain much higher available P concentrations in the root zone for regular growth of vegetables, which might necessitate higher phosphate fertilizer input than the plants require. Research on strategies to improve vegetable PUE and the mechanisms of these strategies are summarized in this review. Increasing the P uptake by vegetables by supplying P during the critical growth stage and effectively utilizing the accumulated P by optimizing the C:P ratio in soils can substantially increase PUE. These advances will provide a basis for improving PUE and optimizing phosphate fertilizer applications in vegetable production through regulatory measures. In addition, some policies are recommended that could ensure the safety of vegetables and improve product quality. This review also aims to improve understanding of P cycling in vegetable fields and assist in the development of best practices to manage P reserves globally.

关键词： phosphate fertilizer phosphorus use efficiency vegetable production systems phosphorus management policy recommendation

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Improving water use efficiency in grain production of winter wheat and summer maize in the North China

Xiying ZHANG,Wenli QIN,Juanna XIE

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第3卷第1期页码 25-33 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2016090

摘要： Reducing irrigation water use by improving water use efficiency (WUE) in grain production is critical for the development of sustainable agriculture in the North China Plain (NCP). This article summarizes the research progresses in WUE improvement carried out at the Luancheng station located in the Northern part of NCP for the past three decades. Progresses in four aspects of yield and WUE improvement are presented, including yield and WUE improvement associated with cultivar selection, irrigation management for improving yield and WUE under limited water supply, managing root system for efficient soil water use and reducing soil evaporation by straw mulch. The results showed that annual average increase of 0.014 kg·m for winter wheat and 0.02 kg·m in WUE were observed for the past three decades, and this increase was largely associated with the improvement in harvest index related to cultivar renewal and an increase in chemical fertilizer use and soil fertility. The results also indicated that deficit irrigation for winter wheat could significantly reduce the irrigation water use, whereas the seasonal yield showed a smaller reduction rate and WUE was significantly improved. Straw mulching of summer maize using the straw from winter wheat could reduce seasonal soil evaporation by 30–40 mm. With new cultivars and improved management practices it was possible to further increase grain production without much increase in water use. Future strategies to further improve WUE are also discussed.

关键词： harvest index cultivar selection deficit irrigation root water uptake straw mulching

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作物遗传改良——农业可持续发展的保证

万建民

《工程（英文）》 2018年第4卷第4期页码 431-432 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2018.07.019

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我国典型农作区作物生产碳汇功能研究

佘玮,黄璜,官春云,陈阜,陈光辉

《中国工程科学》 2016年第18卷第1期页码 106-113 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2016.01.013

摘要：

我国是一个农业大国，研究我国典型农作区作物生产碳汇对于估算区域碳收支和制定应对气候变化的管理政策有重要的意义。全国6个典型农作区中主要农作物生产整体表现为碳汇。同一区域内不同作物的碳汇量差异明显，同一作物在不同区域之间差异显著。全国年土壤有机碳储量整体表现为碳汇，不同区域年土壤有机碳储量的范围为–2.07 TgC·y–1~19.95 TgC·y–1。

关键词：作物生产固碳减排措施碳汇功能

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Energy budget and economic analysis in conventional and organic rice production systems and organic scenarios

Hamed MANSOORI, Parviz Rezvani MOGHADDAM, Rooholla MORADI

《能源前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第4期页码 341-350 doi: 10.1007/s11708-012-0206-x

摘要： Compared to conventional agriculture, organic agriculture is reported to be more efficient and effective in reducing water and soil pollution, greenhouse gases (GHGs) emission and risk of human health. In additional, field management under organic condition can be useful for increasing energy efficiency. Rice is one of the important crops which are cultivated in two forms, organic and conventional, in Iran. In order to compare the energy efficiency and economic analysis of rice production in organic and conventional systems in Iran, needed information was collected by face-to-face questionnaire in 2011 and three scenarios were designed to predict the changes of energy budget and economic analysis in the transition period that included: 25%, 50% and 75% organic management in rice production. The results showed that all energy indexes were improved in organic rice production compared to conventional condition. Higher values of benefit to cost ratio, gross and net return and lower value of total cost of production were obtained from organic rice production which indicated that the organic management of farm improved economically in comparison with the conventional rice production system. The shares of direct and renewable energies were increased by approach to organic management. Increase in energy efficiency and productivity was predicted for the transition period but decrease trend in economic indexes was projected for this period in all scenarios. The main reason for decreasing economic indexes in organic scenarios was that the market price of organic rice was the same as that of conventional rice in the transition period.

关键词： energy efficiency specific energy net return Cobb-Douglas function

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华北地区农业水资源现状和未来保障研究

黄峰,杜太生,王素芬,梅旭荣,龚道枝,陈源泉,康绍忠

《中国工程科学》 2019年第21卷第5期页码 28-37 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2019.05.024

摘要：

华北地区是我国重要的粮食和农产品生产基地，对保障国家的粮食和食物安全至关重要。华北用仅占全国6% 的水资源支撑了占全国18% 的耕地并生产出占全国23% 的粮食。但这个巨大成就是以极大的资源环境和生态成本为代价的。本文回顾华北粮食生产和用水的历史性成就，总结现在面临的主要问题和挑战，然后应用国际水资源研究界广泛应用的农业用水管理的综合分析框架，系统分析1998—2015 年华北地区水资源、农业用水以及用水效率和水分生产力，在此基础上尝试提出了未来保障华北地区食物安全的战略和政策途径。

关键词：食物安全农业用水水分利用效率作物水分生产力

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Goryachkin’s agricultural mechanics

Vera CHINENOVA

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第11卷第1期页码 87-94 doi: 10.1007/s11465-016-0378-x

摘要：

The paper contributes to the development of applied mechanics by establishing a new discipline, namely, agricultural mechanics by academician Vasilii Prohorovich Goryachkin (1868–1935) who was an apprentice of Nikolay Yegorovich Zhukovsky and a graduate of the Moscow University (current known as Moscow State University) and the Imperial Higher Technical School.

关键词： theory of mechanisms and machines agricultural machinery engineering agricultural mechanics

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investigation and feasibility analysis of a thermophotovoltaic cogeneration system in high-temperature production

Jianxiang WANG, Hong YE, Xi WU, Hujun WANG, Xiaojie XU

《能源前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第2期页码 146-154 doi: 10.1007/s11708-013-0253-y

摘要： The experimental - characteristics of a Si cell module in a thermophotovoltaic (TPV) system were investigated using SiC or Yb O radiator. The results demonstrate that the short-circuit current increases while the open-circuit voltage, along with the fill factor, decreases with the cell temperature when the radiator temperature increases from 1273 to 1573 K, leading to a suppressed increase of the output power of the system. The maximum output power density of the cell module is 0.05 W/cm when the temperature of the SiC radiator is 1573 K, while the electrical efficiency of the system is only 0.22%. The efficiency is 1.3% with a Yb O radiator at the same temperature, however, the maximum output power density drops to 0.03 W/cm . The values of the open-circuit voltage and the maximum output power obtained from the theoretical model conform to the experimental ones. But the theoretical short-circuit current is higher because of the existence of the contact resistance inside the cell module. In addition, the performance and cost of TPV cogeneration systems with the SiC or Yb O radiator using industrial high-temperature waste heat were analyzed. The system electrical efficiency could reach 3.1% with a Yb O radiator at 1573 K. The system cost and investment recovery period are 6732 EUR/kWel and 14 years, respectively.

关键词： thermophotovoltaic (TPV) industrial waste heat ytterbium oxide system efficiency